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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first-line treatment for ADHD. They have a track record of a strong response, a high tolerance, and are safe throughout the entire life span. However, it's important to determine the appropriate dosage and medication that alleviates your or your child's symptoms without causing any adverse side effects. It can take a lot of trial and error, as well as a constant communication with your physician. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs which increase the activity of the central nervous system. They are extensively used as enhancement of cognitive and performance by students, athletes, artists, and workers. They are also used in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), eating disorders that cause binge eating, and other anxiety disorders. The most commonly used stimulant medications are methylphenidates and amphetamines. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in both immediate-release and prolonged-release formulations. In the case of immediate-release, they are typically taken every 4 hours as required. They can cause a sudden, short-term decrease in energy called a crash once they wear off. The crash can trigger extreme hunger, mood swings and fatigue. Immediate-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heart rate in certain people, particularly those who don't eat enough. Extended-release medicines are formulated to release its active ingredients over the course of 8-16 hours. This type of medication can be prescribed by your physician when you're looking for long-lasting symptoms control without taking tablets several times per day. Ritalin Concerta and Focalin are all extended-release methylphenidate medications. Daytrana is a long-acting methylphenidate product that adheres to your skin like a bandage and is able to last for the entire day. This type of medication is available to adults suffering from ADHD and require daily doses that last longer than the immediate-release options. medication for adhd uk of stimulants does not cure ADHD however it can help manage the symptoms by enhancing how neurons in the brain communicate. By blocking or binding their receptors, they can alter the level of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This allows more neurotransmitters to be released, and assists in ensuring that messages between neurons are more efficiently sent and received. In addition to stimulants, doctors sometimes prescribe antidepressants to treat ADHD. The majority of antidepressants that doctors prescribe for ADHD alter the levels of norepinephrine serotonin and dopamine in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are a good option for people with depression or anxiety. These drugs are typically combined with stimulants to increase their effectiveness. Other reasons why your doctor may switch you between stimulant and non-stimulant medications are if your old medication isn't working, or causes intolerable side effects. Long-acting Stimulants help about 70% to 80% of children and adults with ADHD. They help reduce symptoms like talking to others and fidgeting. They also help improve job performance and social abilities. The stimulant medication starts to work once it has crossed the blood-brain barrier which can take between 45 and 60 minutes. They increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels between brain cells, which reduces hyperactivity and impulsivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medication consists of one of two molecules, methylphenidate, (Adderall Ritalin Vyvanse Concerta) or amphetamine (Ritalin Adderall XR Vyvanse Vyvanse). Stimulants may cause side effects such as nausea, loss of appetite and increased blood pressure. They can also trigger anxiety and headaches. They can also make tics more severe, and they may cause sleep issues in certain people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) are effective throughout the night and day unlike the short-acting drugs that last just for a couple of hours. They can also aid with other conditions like depression or anxiety. These medications work by changing the way your body regulates chemicals called monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases are enzymes that break down dopamine and other neurotransmitters within the brain. These chemicals stay in your body for longer if not broken down. This can affect your behavior and even your thinking. Long-acting medication can have fewer negative effects. Your doctor may prescribe smaller doses that you can take throughout the day. Some stimulants are available in extended-release formulations that you take once a day. Some adults may prefer this option, but you should still remember to take the stimulants every day. Other medications have been shown to be effective in treating many adults with ADHD, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These are usually prescribed to treat anxiety or depression, but they can also be prescribed for ADHD and 70% of people respond. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is a different SSRI that has been approved for ADHD and has been proven to be more effective than placebos in one controlled study. These medications can trigger serious side effects, like the ringing of ears anxiety, and changes in vision, heart and lung function. Short-acting Stimulant medication reduces ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine within the brain. These are the two chemical compounds that aid people in focusing and regulate their behavior. These drugs come in many different forms, and each comes with its own distinct brand, like Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta. There are two main types of stimulant medications that are methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). All have similar effects, however they differ in the duration of their effect. The methylphenidates are less effective that can last up to three hours, whereas the amphetamines provide longer-lasting effects. Some people are better in their ability to take long-acting stimulant medication than those with short-acting stimulants which is why your doctor may prescribe this type. It is important that you learn as much as possible about the medication. This includes any adverse effects, how frequently it should be taken, and any warnings. This will allow you to collaborate with your doctor to determine the best medication and dose for you. It is important to know that these medications may cause a few negative adverse effects, like problems getting to sleep or losing appetite. Talk to your doctor in the event that you experience any of these side effects. You may need to alter the dosage or try a different drug. Adults suffering from ADHD who are unable to respond to stimulants well are treated with non-stimulant drugs. These medicines take longer to work but can improve the ability to pay attention and manage impulses. These drugs might be prescribed as a stand-alone or together with stimulants. The first of these is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree) It is a stimulant of norepinephrine and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex, which controls the behavior. Guanfacine, also known as Intuniv is part of the group of drugs called alpha-agonists. They work by preventing the absorption of these brain chemicals, and increasing their levels in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was initially developed to treat high blood pressure, has now been shown to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations People suffering from ADHD make use of a variety drug combinations. These include stimulants combined with depressant drugs such as Guanfacine or Clonidine. These drugs can have a calming affect on the brain and help reduce symptoms like sleeplessness and aggressive behaviour. They also help to prevent withdrawal symptoms caused by stimulants. However, this combination can be risky if properly used. Serotonin syndrome is a drug emergency that occurs when there is an excess of serotonin in the body. This combination can also raise blood pressure and heart rate. People suffering from heart disease or high blood pressure are at higher chance of experiencing adverse reactions from this medication. Young adults and teenagers are increasingly using stimulant combinations. These are commonly described as “legal highs” and are readily available in pharmacies. They are also available on the black market. These substances can be hazardous particularly when they are combined with alcohol and other substances. The use of polydrugs can be hazardous. Mixing drugs can have unpredictability and negative effects. They include an increase in heart rate, decreased breathing, hallucinations and paranoia. Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy when it comes to treating ADHD according to an investigation. Combining medication increased compliance and allowed patients to get better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. However there were many patients who stopped their treatment due to side effects. In a few instances, the medication was discontinued due to sleep problems or worsening tics. This could be due to a misdiagnosis or lack of medication. Nonstimulants are also used to treat ADHD. They can help improve attention span and impulse control, but they don't work like stimulants do. They are also less likely to suppress growth and alter appetite. Certain antidepressants are also prescribed for ADHD. However, they have a smaller chance of improving focus and concentration. A number of studies have proven that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be used together to achieve better results than either drug by itself. The combination of these two medications was found to improve adherence and reduce side effects in most people. The combination was also effective in young adults and adolescents. This combination could be a feasible option for children suffering from severe ADHD.